Idebenone use in age-related cognitive disorders

Idebenone - A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in age-related cognitive disorders.

Gillis JC, Benefield P, McTavish D.

Adis International Limited,
Auckland, New Zealand.
Drugs Aging 1994 Aug;5(2):133-52

ABSTRACT

Idebenone is a benzoquinone compound which has been investigated in elderly patients with dementia. Its precise mechanism(s) of action remains unknown, but in vitro and in vivo studies suggest the drug may diminish nerve cell damage due to ischaemia, correct neurotransmitter defects and/or cerebral metabolism and facilitate memory and learning. In the small number of studies available for evaluation, idebenone was generally superior to placebo and comparable with bifemelane, oxiracetam and nebracetam on the basis of a number of objective and subjective tests and rating scales in patients with mild to moderate cognitive decline. Clinical trial results indicate that patients with mild dementia seem more likely to respond than those with greater functional decline. The degree of benefit conferred by idebenone is often difficult to determine, but in those who respond, improvement is generally mild to moderate. Therapy with idebenone appears well tolerated for up to 2 years, and no changes in vital signs or laboratory values have been seen in clinical trials. In view of the lack of a proven agent to limit or halt the progression of dementia in the elderly, idebenone may warrant consideration in patients with mild cognitive dysfunction on the basis of preliminary evidence of predominantly mild improvement of functional status in some patients and good tolerability. However, further well designed studies, including comparisons with newer and commonly used agents, such as tacrine, are required to better define the role of idebenone in this complex area of treatment.

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Idebenone - the ultimate anti-aging drug. (article)

Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone  in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone efficacy of idebenone in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone Nerve Growth Factor synthesis stimulators in Alzheimer's disease
Idebenone in the treatment of dementia of the Alzheimer type
Idebenone cognitive enhancement therapy for Alzheimer's disease

MELAS
Idebenone improves cerebral mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in MELAS
Idebenone in young patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone therapy in Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone and Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone successful therapy with idebenone in Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
.
Cardiomyopathy
Idebenone improvement in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy following treatment with idebenone
Idebenone   effect of idebenone on cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia
.
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
Idebenone does it shorten the time to visual recovery in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy?
Idebenone improvement in a patient with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)

Misc.
Idebenone use in age-related cognitive disorders

Idebenone protects hippocampal neurons against beta amyloid neurotoxicity

Idebenone functions as a potent protective hepatocyte antioxidant

Idebenone neuroprotective effects of idebenone can be attributed to its antioxidant ability

Idebenone inhibition of brain mitochondrial swelling

Idebenone suppression of cold ischemia/reperfusion injury of liver endothelium

Idebenone ability to eliminate a nitroxide radical in the rat

Idebenone interaction with respiratory complexes of heart mitochondria

Idebenone effect on serotonin release and seroton receptors in rats

Idebenone protects hepatic microsomes against damage in organ preservation solutions

Idebenone protects against toxicity induced by low density lipoprotein

Idebenone protects against disorders due to cerebral hypoxia or ischemia

Idebenone protects against toxicity induced by low density lipoprotein

Idebenone attenuates neuronal degeneration induced by excitotoxins

Idebenone augments long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices in the guinea pig

Idebenone effects on electroencephalograms of patients with cerebrovascular disorders

Idebenone effects on respiratory activities of brain mitochondria

Idebenone effects on lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes of stroke-prone, hypertensive rats

Idebenone brain distribution and its effect on local cerebral glucose utilization in rats

Idebenone effects on acetylcholine levels in the brains of rats with cerebral ischemia

Idebenone protective effect of idebenone against hypoxia in mice

Idebenone improves learning and memory impairment induced in rats

Idebenone effects of idebenone on neurological deficits in stroke-prone rats

Idebenone effects on memory induced impairment in rats

Idebenone effects of idebenone on cerebral blood flow in rats with cerebral ischemia

Idebenone inhibition of brain mitochondrial swelling by idebenone

Idebenone inhibition of platelet aggregation by idebenone

Idebenone effects of idebenone on monoamine metabolites of patients with dementia

Idebenone effects of idebenone on metabolism of monoamines and cyclic AMP formation

Idebenone effects on impairment of radial maze learning in cerebral embolized rats

Idebenone effect of idebenone on lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate

Idebenone effects on muricidal behavior in rats with raphe lesions

Idebenone inhibitory effect of idebenone on vascular lesions in hypertensive rats

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