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Antioxidant properties
of idebenone.
Mordente A, Martorana GE, Minotti G, Giardina B.
Institute of Biological Chemistry,
Catholic University School of Medicine,
Rome, Italy.
Chem Res Toxicol 1998 Jan;11(1):54-63
ABSTRACT
Idebenone
[2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-1,4-benzoquinone] is a synthetic
analogue of coenzyme Q that is currently employed in the treatment of vascular
and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. There is some
evidence to suggest that idebenone might function as an antioxidant; however,
it has not been demonstrated whether this function pertains to the quinone or
hydroquinone form of idebenone. Here we demonstrate that idebenone can
scavenge a variety of free radical species, including organic radicals such as
2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and
diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, peroxyl and tyrosyl radicals, and peroxynitrite.
Idebenone can also redox couple with hypervalent species of Mb or Hb, thus
preventing lipid peroxidation promoted by these species. Likewise, idebenone
inhibits microsomal lipid peroxidation induced by ADP-iron complexes or
organic hydroperoxides. In so doing, idebenone prevents the destruction of
cytochrome P450, which otherwise would accompany lipid peroxidation.
Irrespective of the experimental system under investigation, idebenone
functions by virtue of the electron-donating properties of the hydroquinone
form. Redox coupling of this hydroquinone with free radicals generates the
quinone compound, which per se lacks antioxidant activity. In many
experiments, the antioxidant effects of idebenone become appreciable at
approximately 2 microM, which is well in the range of plasma levels attainable
in patients given oral doses of this drug. Moreover, comparative experiments
have shown that the antioxidant efficiency of idebenone varies from no less
than 50% to slightly more than 100% of that of vitamin E or Trolox. We would
therefore propose that the neuroprotective effects of idebenone can be
attributed, at least in part, to its ability to function as an antioxidant,
involving redox cycling between hydroquinone and quinone.
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the Alzheimer type
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for Alzheimer's disease
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Idebenone stimulates NGF synthesis in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
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Growth Factor and Alzheimer's disease
MELAS
Idebenone
improves cerebral mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in MELAS
Idebenone
in young patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone
therapy in Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone
and Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
Idebenone
successful therapy with idebenone in Mitochondrial
encephalomyopathy (MELAS)
.
Cardiomyopathy
Idebenone
improvement in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy
following treatment with idebenone
Idebenone
effect of idebenone on
cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia
.
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
Idebenone
does it shorten the time to visual recovery in Leber hereditary optic
neuropathy?
Idebenone
improvement in a patient with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
Misc.
Idebenone
use in age-related cognitive disorders
Idebenone
protects hippocampal neurons against beta amyloid neurotoxicity
Idebenone
functions as a potent protective
hepatocyte antioxidant
Idebenone
neuroprotective effects
of idebenone can be attributed to its antioxidant ability
Idebenone
inhibition of brain
mitochondrial swelling
Idebenone
suppression of cold ischemia/reperfusion
injury of liver endothelium
Idebenone
ability to eliminate a nitroxide
radical in the rat
Idebenone
interaction with respiratory complexes of heart
mitochondria
Idebenone
effect on serotonin release and seroton receptors in
rats
Idebenone
protects hepatic microsomes against damage in organ preservation solutions
Idebenone
protects against
toxicity induced by low density lipoprotein
Idebenone
protects against disorders due to cerebral hypoxia
or ischemia
Idebenone
protects against toxicity induced by low density
lipoprotein
Idebenone
attenuates neuronal degeneration induced by
excitotoxins
Idebenone
augments long-term potentiation in
hippocampal slices in the guinea pig
Idebenoneeffects
on lipid
peroxidation in erythrocytes of stroke-prone, hypertensive rats
Idebenone
brain distribution and its effect on local cerebral
glucose utilization in rats
Idebenone
effects
on acetylcholine
levels in the brains of rats with cerebral ischemia
Idebenone
protective effect of idebenone against hypoxia in
mice
Idebenone
improves learning and memory impairment induced in
rats
Idebenone
effects
of idebenone on
neurological deficits in stroke-prone rats
Idebenone
effects
on memory induced impairment in rats
Idebenone
effects of idebenone on cerebral blood flow in rats with cerebral ischemia
Idebenone
inhibition
of brain mitochondrial swelling by idebenone
Idebenone
inhibition of platelet
aggregation by idebenone
Idebenone
effects of idebenone on monoamine metabolites of
patients with dementia
Idebenone
effects of idebenone on
metabolism of monoamines and cyclic AMP formation
Idebenone effects
on impairment of radial maze learning in cerebral embolized rats
Idebenone
effect of idebenone on lipid peroxidation in
rat brain homogenate
Idebenone
effects on muricidal behavior in rats with
raphe lesions
Idebenone inhibitory effect of idebenone on vascular lesions in
hypertensive rats
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